1, 19, 20 Information about the antibody titer can be an important indicator of the organism’s current readiness to fight infection. The knowledge of the dynamics of changes in antibody titers, and thus the length of the protective period, allows for improvement in the vaccination schedule and a rational decision on booster vaccinations. 1, 19 These tests enable long-term monitoring of the humoral immune system response in individual patients, which is especially important in the case of vaccination. ![]() 18 Therefore, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies are used to detect a past infection (also asymptomatic or mild symptomatic) or to determine degree of immunogenic response to vaccination. They participate in the secondary immune response as an important component of the host defense system. 75% of all antibodies) and they have the longest serum half-life of all immunoglobulin types. 1, 16, 17 IgG antibodies constitute a predominant type of antibody found in blood circulation (approx. 2 It is a principal target of neutralizing antibodies generated following an infection by SARS-CoV-2 and a component of both mRNA and adenovirus-based vaccines. Its subunit, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) is a key determinant of infectivity and thus is considered to be the main antigenic component that is responsible for inducing a host immune response. 1, 15 Protein S has been selected as an important target for vaccine and antiviral development. 8 Numerous studies have proved that these mRNA-based vaccines are completely safe and very effective. 13, 14 Nevertheless, 13,008,560,983 vaccine doses were administered in the world to date. 11, 12 The variation in the number of people vaccinated in different countries are mostly due to public trust in the government, medical staff and scientists, but also sociodemographic features, personal beliefs, and attitude toward vaccination have important influence. 1 However, their rapid development raised a great deal of controversy and conspiracy theories among those unaware that scientists had been working on mRNA vaccines for three decades before the pandemic broke out. Due to their short production times, mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine known as Comirnaty and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine known as Spikevax) were first to appear. ![]() Several vaccines against COVID-19 have been approved for use by the WHO. Mass vaccination programs started immediately, which gave hope for an effective fight against the virus. 10 About a year after the pandemic started, several research teams successfully completed their research and developed vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. 9 Most countries in the world including Poland have adapted to these procedures despite initial social resistance. These include: an early diagnosis, timely isolation of infected subjects, quarantine of contact suspects, social distancing and use of masks. The key guidelines for preventive proceedings have been introduced because of the spreading rate of pandemic and insufficient treatment. 5–7 WHO reported over 600 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and over 6 million COVID-19 deaths until autumn 2022. 3, 4 The clinical features of COVID-19 vary, ranging from an asymptomatic or mild, self-limiting respiratory tract condition to a severe progressive pneumonia and an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with a multiorgan dysfunction. 1, 2 The disease was first discovered in December 2019 in China in the city of Wuhan, probably originated from zoonotic source, and then it spread rapidly around the world through direct and contact transmission, causing the WHO to declare a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. Since the end of 2019, the whole world has been focused on developing effective prophylaxis and therapeutic methods that would help stop the epidemic and effectively combat the symptoms of COVID-19 caused by a new strain of β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |